0 Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
- 0.6 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
  - 5.2 age
  - 5.3 Compliance
  - 5.4 Smoking
  - 5.5 Drug abuse
  - 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
  - 5.7 Parafunctions
  - 5.8 Diabetes
  - 5.9 Osteoporosis
  - 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
  - 5.11 Steroids
  - 5.12 Bisphosphonates
  - 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
  - 5.14 Radiotherapy
  - 5.15 Risk factors
1 Diagnostics
- 1.1 Clinical Assessment
  - 0.1 Lip line
  - 0.2 Mouth opening
  - 0.3 Vertical dimension
  - 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
  - 0.5 TMD
  - 0.6 Existing prosthesis
  - 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
  - 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
  - 1.1 Occlusion
  - 1.2 Alveolar atrophy and insufficiency
  - 1.3 Skeletal consequences of edentulism
  - 1.4 Head-neck cancer
- 1.3 Clinical diagnostic assessments
  - 2.1 Microbiology
  - 2.2 Salivary output
- 1.4 Diagnostic imaging
  - 3.1 Imaging overview
  - 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
  - 3.3 Panoramic
  - 3.4 CBCT
  - 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
  - 4.1 Prosthodontic guides overview
  - 4.2 Wax-up, arrangement, mock-up
  - 4.3 Splints and imaging for surgery
  - 4.4 Provisionals
2 Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
  - 0.1 Mucosally supported - Overview and important considerations
  - 0.2 Complete denture
  - 0.3 Immediate denture
  - 0.4 Occlusal schemes
- 2.2 Implant-retained/supported, general
  - 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
  - 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
  - 1.3 Time to function
  - 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
  - 1.5 Soft tissue management
  - 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
  - 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
  - 1.8 Need for grafting
  - 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
  - 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
    
    9.1 Digital treatment planning protocols, introduction
    
    9.2 Digital treatment planning protocols, NobelClinician
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
  - 2.1 Implant overdenture, overview
    
    0.1 Implant overdenture, introduction
    
    0.2 Overdenture retention devices, overview
  - 2.2 Secondary splinting
  - 2.3 Primary splinting
- 2.4 Implant prosthetics - fixed
  - 3.1 Fixed implant prosthesis, introduction
  - 3.2 Screw-retained restorations
    
    1.1 Screw-retained
    
    1.2 Implant-supported vs abutment-supported
  - 3.3 Cement-retained restorations
    
    2.1 Cement-retained
    
    2.2 Abutment materials
  - 3.4 Framework materials
    
    3.1 Framework materials
    
    3.2 Veneering with ceramic
    
    3.3 Veneering with Acrylic
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
3 Treatment Procedures
- 3.1 Surgical
  - 0.1 Surgical considerations
    
    0.1 Anesthesia
    
    0.2 Peri-operative care
    
    0.3 Post-operative care
    
    0.4 Flap-or flapless
    
    0.5 Wound closure
    
    0.6 Intra-operative complications
    
    0.7 Guided vs non-guided
    
    0.8 Semi-guided surgery with prosthetic template
    
    0.9 Guided surgery with drill guides
  - 0.2 Surgical protocols - general
    
    1.1 Crestal incision
    
    1.2 Choice of implant
    
    1.3 Parallel implant placement
    
    1.4 Tapered implant placement
    
    1.5 Insertion torque
    
    1.6 Insertion height
    
    1.7 Implant angulation
  - 0.3 Surgical protocols - mandible
    
    2.1 Implant placement with open flap procedure - mandible
    
    2.2 Grafting, mandible
  - 0.4 Surgical protocols - maxilla
    
    3.1 Implant placement - maxilla
    
    3.2 Grafting, maxilla
    
    3.3 Sinus lifting
    
    3.4 Zygomatic implants
    
    3.5 Pterygoid implants
    
    3.6 Problems and complications in maxillary implant surgery
- 3.2 Removable prosthetics
  - 1.1 Complete dentures
    
    0.1 Complete denture clinical protocol
    
    0.2 Complete denture impressions
    
    0.3 Complete denture - maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    0.4 Complete denture trial placement
    
    0.5 Complete denture placement
    
    0.6 Complete denture post-placement
  - 1.2 Implant overdentures
    
    1.1 Overdenture clinical protocol
    
    1.2 Implant overdenture impressions
    
    1.3 Implant overdenture maxillo-mandibular relations
    
    1.4 Implant overdenture trial placement
    
    1.5 Implant overdenture placement
    
    1.6 Implant overdenture post-placement
- 3.3 Fixed prosthetics
  - 2.1 Fixed implant prosthesis clinical protocol
  - 2.2 Impressions
    
    1.1 Impressions - overview
    
    1.2 Splinted vs unsplinted impression copings
    
    1.3 Open versus closed tray
    
    1.4 Parallel vs non-parallel
  - 2.3 Maxillo-mandibular relations
  - 2.4 Trial placement
  - 2.5 Framework trial placement
  - 2.6 Placement
  - 2.7 Post-placement
4 Aftercare
- 4.1 Surgical aftercare
  - 0.1 Medication
  - 0.2 Post-operative soft tissue management
  - 0.3 Suture removal
  - 0.4 Post-surgical recommendations
- 4.2 Prosthetic aftercare
  - 1.1 Esthetic and function check
  - 1.2 Provisionals / temporary prosthesis
  - 1.3 Oral hygiene instructions
  - 1.4 Occlusal guard
- 4.3 Post-treatment complications and management
  - 2.1 Bleeding
  - 2.2 Soft tissue and hard tissue
  - 2.3 Patient compliance / recall
  - 2.4 Biologic complications
  - 2.5 Esthetic complications
- 4.4 Recall visits and logistics
  - 3.1 Recall visits - overview
  - 3.2 Patient expectations
  - 3.3 General health check
  - 3.4 Professional oral hygiene
  - 3.5 Implant overdenture maintenance
  - 3.6 Occlusion check
  - 3.7 Probing
  - 3.8 Inflammation, infection
    
    7.1 Inflammation and infection - overview
    
    7.2 Infection, microbiological diagnostics
  - 3.9 Radiological control

治疗指南

即刻义齿

Key points

即刻全口义齿可以帮助患者从有牙状态向缺齿状态过渡
一段时间后，即刻全口义齿需要重衬甚至重造，具体时间取决于软组织愈合、早期愈合以及残留嵴萎缩的发展情况

即刻义齿

末端齿系存留且需要拔除全部牙齿的患者可以选择多种治疗方案，包括即刻全口义齿和种植体支撑方案。

对于不愿或不能接受口腔种植的患者，可以选择即刻义齿，即刻义齿提供了一个很好的解决方案，可以避免在拔牙后没有修复体的情况。对于大多数患者而言，针对美齿和心理问题需要获得即刻修复解决方案，而不是在缺齿的情况下等待伤口愈合。

如果患者选择接受即刻义齿，应告知其首次配戴活动全口修复体存在的问题，以及手术引起的疼痛、肿胀、出血、青肿和拔牙引起的其他不适。开始配戴即刻义齿的前几天（甚至前几周），也可能在咀嚼和说话方面有所不便或存在问题。

14 ICD frontal smile canines too long.JPG

难题

可能影响即刻义齿的一项因素是，由于计划拔除的剩余牙齿仍然存留，导致在最终制作之前无法试戴修复体。因此，与全口义齿制作相比，在试戴优势方面，功能和美齿效果可能无法预测。

重衬/重造

印模时剩余齿系仍然存在就意味着牙医和技师都必须推测之后的问题 — 愈合过程中缺齿牙嵴形态的变化。在愈合过程中使用临时弹性衬底很容易解决这个问题。软组织和骨骼充分愈合（通常为拔牙后 6 - 9 个月）后，可以对即刻义齿进行最终重衬。有时候，如果美齿效果不理想，可能需要丢弃重衬的即刻义齿，再制作一副新义齿。

临床分类

生物力学及咬合即刻负重/延迟负重

治疗指南

Edentulous

病患要求

为了提供充分的治疗并获得令患者满意的效果，应对患者期望进行评估。这些期望通常分为四类：功能、舒适度、美观效果和生活质量。在患者问诊时，应说明影响患者满意度的最重要因素。通常，患者问诊应包括以下内容：

患者寻求治疗的原因
患者主诉
生活质量是否存在问题和困难
患者目前是否存在疼痛或不适状况？
美齿效果的重要性如何？美齿期望是什么？
患者是否希望改善说话或咀嚼功能？
患者在社会环境中是否缺乏自信和/或自尊？

局部因素

患者评估

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治疗指南

Edentulous

虽然人的面部只占身体的一小部分，但它体现了我们的社会身份，是人际交往的重要桥梁。面容体现出遗传特点，同时受疾病和外伤影响；更为普遍的现象是，未治疗或治疗不良的缺齿也会对面容产生影响。后者会对部分面部骨骼带来危害，使上层软组织形状发生扭曲，导致不同程度的功能受损。在人们的观念中，面容受损的影响不亚于人体部位缺失。其处理不仅需要临床医师掌握专业技术，而且需要切身感受患者的恐惧和愿望；更重要的是了解患者的个性。
在公共卫生环境下，缺齿由牙病以及文化、经济和态度因素共同引发。全口义齿处理几

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治疗指南

Edentulous

全口义齿临床方案

带有活动修复体的缺齿患者若想成功实现口腔修复，需要认真遵守临床方案。现已成功引入了一些简化的方案。
使用包括下列大多数步骤或全部步骤的规程临床方案可以实现临床目标：
修复软组织健康。缺少大片附着的粘膜似乎不会对软组织健康产生不利影响。很少针对牙龈/粘膜移植手术作出规定。为了制作所需的石膏诊断模型，需要在库存托盘中制作不可逆性水胶体印模。
使用弹性材料制作定制印模托盘和最终印模，同时记录修复体的功能边缘延伸。然后浇注最终

可拆卸义齿

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