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0
Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
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0.6
Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.2 age
- 5.3 Compliance
- 5.4 Smoking
- 5.5 Drug abuse
- 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
- 5.7 Parafunctions
- 5.8 Diabetes
- 5.9 Osteoporosis
- 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
- 5.11 Steroids
- 5.12 Bisphosphonates
- 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
- 5.14 Radiotherapy
- 5.15 Risk factors
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1
Diagnostics
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1.1
Clinical Assessment
- 0.1 Lip line
- 0.2 Mouth opening
- 0.3 Vertical dimension
- 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
- 0.5 TMD
- 0.6 Existing prosthesis
- 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
- 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
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1.3
Clinical diagnostic assessments
- 2.1 Microbiology
- 2.2 Salivary output
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1.4
Diagnostic imaging
- 3.1 Imaging overview
- 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
- 3.3 Panoramic
- 3.4 CBCT
- 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
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1.1
Clinical Assessment
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2
Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
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2.2
Implant-retained/supported, general
- 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
- 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
- 1.3 Time to function
- 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
- 1.5 Soft tissue management
- 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
- 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
- 1.8 Need for grafting
- 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
- 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
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2.4
Implant prosthetics - fixed
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
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3
Treatment Procedures
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3.1
Surgical
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3.2
Removable prosthetics
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3.3
Fixed prosthetics
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3.1
Surgical
- 4 Aftercare
吸烟
Key points
- 吸烟会影响血管收缩、身体供血以及伤口愈合
- 吸烟者患牙周炎、牙槽窝干燥以及种植手术后患并发症的机率显著增加
- 强烈建议吸烟者彻底戒烟,或在种植手术和其他手术治疗阶段前至少 6 周戒烟,同时建议在治疗完成后戒烟,以提高长期成功率
吸烟和尼古丁对治疗的影响
吸烟和尼古丁摄入会造成血管收缩,进而导致供血减少。通常会增加患牙周炎、牙槽窝干燥和伤口愈合并发症(包括种植手术后的伤口愈合)的机率。
吸烟者在拔牙和手术治疗后患牙周炎、种植体周边粘膜炎和手术后并发症的机率高出 2-4 倍。吸烟者患骨质疏松症的机率更高,骨质疏松可能与社会和经济因素有关,这些因素可引发多种疾病。
应告知吸烟患者,吸烟会对伤口愈合造成不良影响,并且会降低种植体治疗的成功率,尤其会影响上颌种植手术。患者应在种植手术前至少 6 周和手术后至少 8 周内戒烟。只有这样,患者才能达到与不吸烟者相同的成功临床效果。有些情况下,患者可能在停止吸烟后永久戒烟。
口腔健康医疗从业者还应告知患者吸烟的综合风险:与终身不吸烟者相比,吸烟者患肺癌、慢性阻塞性肺病、心肌梗死(是不吸烟者的两倍)、骨质疏松症的机率增加,吸烟还可能缩短寿命。