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0
Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
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0.6
Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.2 age
- 5.3 Compliance
- 5.4 Smoking
- 5.5 Drug abuse
- 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
- 5.7 Parafunctions
- 5.8 Diabetes
- 5.9 Osteoporosis
- 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
- 5.11 Steroids
- 5.12 Bisphosphonates
- 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
- 5.14 Radiotherapy
- 5.15 Risk factors
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1
Diagnostics
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1.1
Clinical Assessment
- 0.1 Lip line
- 0.2 Mouth opening
- 0.3 Vertical dimension
- 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
- 0.5 TMD
- 0.6 Existing prosthesis
- 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
- 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
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1.3
Clinical diagnostic assessments
- 2.1 Microbiology
- 2.2 Salivary output
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1.4
Diagnostic imaging
- 3.1 Imaging overview
- 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
- 3.3 Panoramic
- 3.4 CBCT
- 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
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1.1
Clinical Assessment
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2
Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
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2.2
Implant-retained/supported, general
- 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
- 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
- 1.3 Time to function
- 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
- 1.5 Soft tissue management
- 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
- 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
- 1.8 Need for grafting
- 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
- 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
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2.4
Implant prosthetics - fixed
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
-
3
Treatment Procedures
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3.1
Surgical
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3.2
Removable prosthetics
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3.3
Fixed prosthetics
-
3.1
Surgical
- 4 Aftercare
牙槽嵴/牙槽嵴旁切口
Key points
- 在切口期间,刀片必须与骨接触,以保证达到全厚瓣
- 为了对种植体/基台周围的固定组织有利,必须将角质化组织分离
切口 - 一般注意事项
任何口内外科手术都是首先进行切口,最后缝合或粘合。牙槽嵴切口的适应证包括在一期手术中未埋入种植体或基台,而且后者在植入后刺入口腔内。作为一项一般性手术原则,建议不要将切口开在埋入式异物的上部。然而,对比研究表明,对于骨内种植体来说,牙槽嵴或牙槽嵴旁切口在结果上没有差别。
温和的组织处理将确保充分向翻瓣供血,尽可能减少骨的覆盖血量,从而使手术部位保持适当的可见度。
上颌
在上颌中,应该沿上腭牙槽嵴开切口。为手术野的可视化考虑,翻瓣应该达到全厚。通常,翻瓣几乎没有柔韧性,因此可能需要在远端部位进行垂直切口。在提起翻瓣后,有必要确保鼻底、鼻腭管以及颊侧壁和腭壁可见。
在颧种植体方法中,垂直切口必须较长并向颧骨延伸,这样才可能看到颧弓极限以及眶下孔。
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下颌
在骨内下颌中通常会减少角质化牙龈的区域。切口应考虑颏孔的位置。当处理严重吸收且小孔位于牙槽嵴顶部的下颌时,可以在中线位置开垂直切口,以便实现理想的翻瓣活动度。提起翻瓣后,必须获得理想的视野,包括颏孔、颊侧壁和舌壁可见。