-
0
Patient Assessment
- 0.1 Patient demand
- 0.2 Overarching considerations
- 0.3 Local history
- 0.4 Anatomical location
- 0.5 General patient history
-
0.6
Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.1 Risk assessment & special high risk categories
- 5.2 age
- 5.3 Compliance
- 5.4 Smoking
- 5.5 Drug abuse
- 5.6 Recreational drugs and alcohol abuse
- 5.7 Parafunctions
- 5.8 Diabetes
- 5.9 Osteoporosis
- 5.10 Coagulation disorders and anticoagulant therapy
- 5.11 Steroids
- 5.12 Bisphosphonates
- 5.13 BRONJ / ARONJ
- 5.14 Radiotherapy
- 5.15 Risk factors
-
1
Diagnostics
-
1.1
Clinical Assessment
- 0.1 Lip line
- 0.2 Mouth opening
- 0.3 Vertical dimension
- 0.4 Maxillo-mandibular relationship
- 0.5 TMD
- 0.6 Existing prosthesis
- 0.7 Muco-gingival junction
- 0.8 Hyposalivation and Xerostomia
- 1.2 Clinical findings
-
1.3
Clinical diagnostic assessments
- 2.1 Microbiology
- 2.2 Salivary output
-
1.4
Diagnostic imaging
- 3.1 Imaging overview
- 3.2 Intraoral radiographs
- 3.3 Panoramic
- 3.4 CBCT
- 3.5 CT
- 1.5 Diagnostic prosthodontic guides
-
1.1
Clinical Assessment
-
2
Treatment Options
- 2.1 Mucosally-supported
-
2.2
Implant-retained/supported, general
- 1.1 Prosthodontic options overview
- 1.2 Number of implants maxilla and mandible
- 1.3 Time to function
- 1.4 Submerged or non-submerged
- 1.5 Soft tissue management
- 1.6 Hard tissue management, mandible
- 1.7 Hard tissue management, maxilla
- 1.8 Need for grafting
- 1.9 Healed vs fresh extraction socket
- 1.10 Digital treatment planning protocols
- 2.3 Implant prosthetics - removable
-
2.4
Implant prosthetics - fixed
- 2.5 Comprehensive treatment concepts
-
3
Treatment Procedures
-
3.1
Surgical
-
3.2
Removable prosthetics
-
3.3
Fixed prosthetics
-
3.1
Surgical
- 4 Aftercare
探诊
Key points
- 探诊不会对种植体周围组织封闭性造成永久破坏
- 通过探诊测得的结缔组织水平与健康部位下面的边缘骨高度密切相关
- 探诊深度随时间增加且伴随出血和最终渗液是值得关注的问题
监测种植体周围组织状况
不能过于频繁地通过 X 光片检查评估骨水平,以避免不必要的辐射。监测上层软组织可能有助于最终确定下面骨骼的问题,但在某个部位表现出更多软组织炎症时,探诊深度与牙槽嵴骨高度的相关性会下降。不过,探诊深度逐步增加时,应该通过 X 光片评估来确定牙槽嵴骨高度以及与之前观察到的高度相比发生的变化。
探诊参数
探诊会破坏种植体表面的上皮附着体,但不会对种植体周围软组织封闭性造成永久破坏。骨内种植体周围的粘膜穿透类似于牙周组织穿透,但并不完全相同。与天然牙相比,探针针尖更接近牙槽嵴骨,且在 1-1.5 毫米范围内。探针穿透的程度受探诊压力(理想情况下为 0.25 牛顿)影响。因此,自动控力探针所提供的探诊深度具有更好的可重复性。影响探诊深度的其他因素包括角度、探针针尖直径、种植体表面特性、是否存在残留的粘接剂以及软组织炎症程度。使用(柔性)塑料探针可防止划伤基台和修复体表面,基台和修复体表面划伤时将有利于牙菌斑堆积。
在放置修复体时必须确立探诊深度,以便在一段时间内进行比较。推荐的方法是在修复体上标识固定参照点,并测量相对于此点的探诊深度。不过,有时修复体的设计会限制探诊并影响探诊角度,此时需要取出修复体。