Following implant insertions in patients with residual dentition, the implant surfaces were colonized by the same bacteria present on the surfaces of the remaining teeth. Plaque accumulation at implants will result in the development of an inflammation at...

Inflammation around the implant can be limited to the soft tissue (mucositis) or involve the underlying bone tissue as well (peri-implantitis). Infection can be caused by various risk factors, such as inadequate hygiene and patient compliance...

Bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque score (PS), and probing depth (PD) can be recorded to monitor the peri-implant soft tissues and to identify eventual problems of the underlying bone, although the correlation of probing depth with crestal bone height falls as a site exhibits...

Checking the single-tooth implant-supported restoration is part of the regular recall visit of a patient. Items of checking the restoration are occlusion, attrition of occlusal surfaces, mobility of the restoration and fracture...

Addressing the patient’s chief complaints satisfactorily and meeting patient expectations lies at the core of all dental therapy. The best way to ensure that patient expectations are met or exceeded is by thoughtful listening during the diagnosis...

Esthetic complications in the anterior zone may result from a myriad of factors. The most obvious would be the poor placement of an implant. This could be a result of poor planning, lack of surgical guides, one not being familiar with...

Extraction of teeth with persistent periapical lesions requires a specific drilling protocol to remove infected bone, to reach healthy trabecular bone and start up a bleeding. Residual dens sclerotic bone may harbor latent pathogenic microorganisms for a...

Following the placement of the final restoration the next phase of therapy begins. This is termed maintenance, and it broken down into daily maintenance and periodic maintenance...

The use of porcelain artificial teeth brings different challenges related to nocturnal paranormal function. High occlusal forces can be mitigated by wearing of a protective occlusal guard. Chipping of porcelain is a frequent encountered complication of...

During the healing period of the implant, the patient requires a provisional restoration for function, phonetics, and aesthetics, especially in the anterior region. Provisional restorations at the implant site can be either removable mucosa-supported, fix...

Sutures are available in a number of types and sizes (diameter) to ensure that wound margins are free of tension, allowing healing by primary intention. Dental sutures are classified into two types, absorbable and non-absorbable. They can also be classified as mono-filament or...

Following implant placement, patients receive oral and written recommendations about medication, oral hygiene maintenance and diet, depending on the type of surgical and prosthetic procedures...

Radiographic and surgical guide templates assist in diagnosis and treatment planning and facilitate proper positioning of implants in bone. In general, the diagnostic casts and wax-up are the basis to form radiographic or surgical templates...

It is important to diagnose available space and occlusion for either the implant-supported single-tooth restoration or a fixed denture. Diagnostic casts and a diagnostic wax-up will enhance the predictability of the treatment...

Although rehabilitation with an implant-supported single-tooth restoration concerns only a small part of the total arch, it is important to diagnose available space and occlusion. Specific tools are available to enable determination of available three-dimensional space...