Presence/number of implants influences aerobe and anaerobe species in saliva and on tongue in edentulism. Subgingival microbiota in periimplantitis vary according to studies. Less periodontal pathogens than in partial edentulism. Prevotella nigrescens,...

Patient compliance is a critical factor in promoting the long-term success of oral rehabilitation. The issue of patient compliance should be enthusiastically engaged by the clinician/dental practitioner. The practitioner may see a non-compliant...

Attachment selection

The relative merits of different prosthodontic treatment objectives - resilient versus rigid attachments - are controversial and empirical. A resilient retention mechanism is recommended on the assumption that this will protect implants from overload; while in...

The patient with a terminal dentition and who faces total teeth extractions can choose from a number of treatment options from immediate complete denture to one of the implant supported protocols.
Immediate dentures are chosen by patients who are unwilling...

To achieve good long term results, regular recall control appointments should be scheduled. Ideally, recall appointments take place at least every 6 months for a systemic review of the general health...

The main objectives of post-operative care include control of the healing of the surgical site and identifying risks which could affect healing and, where pertinent, osseointegration. In addition, post-operative visits provide the opportunity to evaluate the... 

The primary goal of angulated implant placement concepts is the implant-based prosthodontic rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla and mandible and avoiding grafting procedures and thereby offering a more simple and less invasive treatment...

The overall aim after implant placement concerning the periimplant bone height is to minimize marginal bone loss. However, several bone remodelling processes that occur after implant placement lead to periimplant bone loss and the establishment of...

In the atrophic mandible soft tissues become prominent and the inferior alveolar nerve is located more superficially.
Fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible can occur during implant insertion. Especially in hard bone...

Wound closure ensures and accelerates wound healing by protecting the site and influencing migration of keratinocytes over the granulation tissue. Some wound eversion maximizes epidermal approximation. Square knots, with two ties in one direction and a reverse...

Flapless implant surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed either using guided surgery or custom fabricated surgical guides made of casts taken at the first patient visit. Several clinical papers reported excellent short- and long...

As described in Patient Assessment, a thorough evaluation of patient factors influencing whether to proceed with surgical therapy is relevant.
Depending on the tpe of surgery prescribe pre-operative medication (for example antibiotic coverage), if...

Oral endosseous implants are successful even longterm in the edentulous jaws. After insertion implants osseointegrate. This process is characterized by the development of an intimate bone contact with the implant surface. The direct anchoring of bone to the implant predicts the...

Some patients present with soft and hard tissue defects that cannot be addressed by a fixed implant prosthesis when esthetics, phonetics and oral hygiene access are considered. In these patients who have struggled...

The human face represents a small proportion of the body’s surface; but it embodies our social identities and is a major vehicle for interpersonal communication. Facial appearance reflects inherited characteristics on which may be...