The overall aim after implant placement concerning the periimplant bone height is to minimize marginal bone loss. However, several bone remodelling processes that occur after implant placement lead to periimplant bone loss and the establishment of...

In the atrophic mandible soft tissues become prominent and the inferior alveolar nerve is located more superficially.
Fractures of the atrophic edentulous mandible can occur during implant insertion. Especially in hard bone...

Wound closure ensures and accelerates wound healing by protecting the site and influencing migration of keratinocytes over the granulation tissue. Some wound eversion maximizes epidermal approximation. Square knots, with two ties in one direction and a reverse...

Flapless implant surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that can be performed either using guided surgery or custom fabricated surgical guides made of casts taken at the first patient visit. Several clinical papers reported excellent short- and long...

As described in Patient Assessment, a thorough evaluation of patient factors influencing whether to proceed with surgical therapy is relevant.
Depending on the tpe of surgery prescribe pre-operative medication (for example antibiotic coverage), if...

Oral endosseous implants are successful even longterm in the edentulous jaws. After insertion implants osseointegrate. This process is characterized by the development of an intimate bone contact with the implant surface. The direct anchoring of bone to the implant predicts the...

A fixed prosthesis offers benefits from both a functional and esthetic point of view and may be regarded as quite similar to a patient's own natural dentition when compared to alternative treatment options such as complete dentures....

Some patients present with soft and hard tissue defects that cannot be addressed by a fixed implant prosthesis when esthetics, phonetics and oral hygiene access are considered. In these patients who have struggled...

Fixed implant prostheses are associated with the best oral health and quality of life, as chewing performance and patient comfort are usually better than with a removable prosthesis. The use of all-ceramic, metal-ceramic or metal-resin prostheses offers...

Research and clinical experience show that conventional complete dentures are acceptable for a large segment of the edentulous population. Satisfied complete denture wearers are well adapted to their prosthodontic experience and have...

The human face represents a small proportion of the body’s surface; but it embodies our social identities and is a major vehicle for interpersonal communication. Facial appearance reflects inherited characteristics on which may be...

Diagnosis is a Greek word that means discern or distinguish; thus, diagnosis is a cognitive experience. The diagnostic process was originally based on interrogation, inspection, auscultation, olfaction and palpation. With advancement in medical...

Conceptually, a provisional prosthesis for an edentulous patient is a convenient tool that offers the patient a satisfactory level of function and esthetic appearance while definitive treatment is undertaken...

Treatment planning for the edentulous patient requires a diagnostic tooth arrangement which provides valuable information for pre-surgical planning (surgical guide fabrication), facilitates discussion regarding...

The primary goal of creating a preliminary teeth arrangement for a try-in diagnostic evaluation is the opportunity to visualize those specific morphological features that impact functional and esthetic considerations for each treated patient...